WPC "\7H fY9U(!AT _Feq']g/ Q4/n-\Ʒ7>Svf[Gcbl y)\7"XϻYB v׶6*!o o!&Xð܌Y9dJT&`oEEj~\VTOTV$Px'O |m}HM<0X~CSA О0nJ ~YGa&] =;E )y)u?P8O"wM" x{j?ɩgTZ 5$ŜqN&@$o ]4Үؖ1zPmD *% 躴O7-I׽pBA1 Yd4xTq<%j,,;$\6@n۷~jO˭g $On+J65ۀ(*:ڔF$3_/+(=ۛ MU6UN %@F 0(Fw@n4 m<6X9`(Courier New3|P/x  Z6Times New Roman RegularX($ &D'D(V)D*V+,V-V.V/V,*| U !  +gXX&%g++gXXg+&! %%&?+ 4 <DL!X?ChapterOutlinesIntroductiontoPsychologyandCounseling  CHAPTERONEINTRODUCTIONTOPSYCHOLOGYDefinitionofPsychologyTheGrowthofPsychology 4 Wundt 4 James 4 Watson 4 FreudWaysofKnowing 4 Tenacity 4 Authority 4 APrioriBeliefs 4 ReasonandCommonSense 4 ScientificMethodTheScientificMethod 4 Approaches 4  CorrelationalResearch 4  CaseStudy 4  Experimentation 4 SourcesofBias 4  Selection 4  PlaceboEffect 4  Experimenter 4 WaysofRelatingPsychologyandTheology 4  ChristianityAgainstPsychology 4  PsychologyAgainstChristianity 4  ChristianityandPsychology 4  Integration 4  Eclecticism 4 SourcesofData:SpecialandGeneralRevelation 4 SourcesofTension 4  Definitions 4  NonobservableConcepts 4  Beliefs 4 EvaluationofPsychology 4  AdvantagesofaChristianPerspective 4  TheNonChristianandTruth 4  LimitsofPsychologyHumanBeingsinHolisticPerspective 4 HolismDefinedandIllustrated 4 ChristianHolismChristianContributionstoPsychology 4 HistoricalFigures 4 CurrentContributionsSPOTLIGHTS  3*%0 CHAPTERTWOTHEBIOLOGICALBASISOFBEHAVIORTheNeuron 4 TheNeuronSheath 4 TheDepolarizationProcessTheCentralNervousSystem 4 TheUpperBrain 4  Fissures 4  FourLobes 4   Parietal 4   Occipital 4   Temporal 4   Frontal 4  Penfield'sResearch 4 TheSplitBrain 4  Sperry'sResearch 4 TheLowerBrain 4  BrainStemandRelatedAreas 4  Cerebellum 4  SpinalCord 4  LimbicSystem 4 BrainDevelopment 4  FirstStage 4  SecondStage 4  ThirdStage 4  FourthStage 4  FifthStageThePeripheralNervousSystem 4 SomaticSystem 4 AutonomicSystem 4  Sympathetic 4  ParasympatheticTheEndocrineSystem 4 Gonads 4 Pituitary 4 Thyroid 4 Parathyroid 4 PancreasVariationsinConsciousness 4 SuggestionandHypnosis 4 Dissociation 4 Sleep 4  Stages 4  REMsleep 4  Dreams 4  InsomniaSPOTLIGHTS  0*%0 CHAPTERTHREESENSATIONANDPERCEPTIONSensation 4 GeneralAspects 4  AbsoluteThreshold 4  SubliminalPerception 4 Vision 4  TwoVisualSystems 4   Rods 4   Cones 4 Hearing 4  TheExternalEar 4  BonesoftheInternalEar 4 OtherSenses 4  Skin 4  Motion 4  Taste 4  Smell 4 Habituation 4 SensoryDeprivationPerception 4 SizeConstancy 4 DepthPerception 4 RecognitionofStimuli 4  TemplateTheory 4 PerceptionasActive 4  GroupingSensations 4  FigureandGround 4  GestaltRules 4 WhatInfluencesOurPerceptions? 4  PastExperience 4  Situation 4  Values 4  Expectation 4 TheAutokineticEffect 4 PerceptionasVeridicalSPOTLIGHTS)  N& )*  `"& *CHAPTERFOUREMOTIONSEmotionsandFeelings 4 EmotionsversusMoods 4 OverrelianceuponFeelingsTheoriesofEmotion 4 JamesVLangeTheory 4 CannonVBardTheory 4 SchachterandSingerTheory 4 CognitiveAppraisal 4 PhysiologicalTheoryNonverbalCommunication 4 Paralanguage 4 EyeContact 4 BodyLanguage 4 ContradictionsBetweentheVerbalandNonverbalThePositiveEmotions 4 Love 4 Joy 4 PeaceandAweTheNegativeEmotions 4 Hatred 4 Sorrow 4 EnvyandJealousy 4 AngerandDepression 4 ExpressorRepress? 4 CommonDepression 4  BiblicalDescriptions 4  Causes 4   Manipulation 4   GeneticFactors 4   Stresses 4  GuidelinesSPOTLIGHTS'  " '(  @" (CHAPTERFIVEMOTIVATIONVariousDefinitionsTheoriesofMotivation 4 TheDriveTheory 4  IncreasedIntensity 4  Homeostasis 4 TheArousalTheory 4  ReticularActivatingSystem 4  LevelsofArousal 4 Maslow'sTheory 4  PhysicalNeeds 4  SafetyNeeds 4  LoveNeeds 4  EsteemNeeds 4  SelfActualizationBiologicalDrives 4 Hunger 4  RelationtotheHypothalamus 4  InfluenceofExternalCues 4  ObesityandOvereating 4  WeightLoss 4 Stress 4  TheoriesofStress 4   Holmes'Scale 4   Selye'sTheory 4   Rotter's"Internals"and"Externals" 4  StressandAnxiety 4  ProgressiveRelaxation(alsoseeappendix) 4 Sex 4  PhysiologicalExplanations 4  LearnedAspectsofSexualityHyperactivity 4 AnOveractiveorUnderactiveRAS? 4 LearnedHyperactivitySPOTLIGHTS  !% CHAPTERSIXLEARNINGClassicalConditioning 4 Pavlov'sInvestigations 4  UnconditionedStimuli 4  ConditionedStimuli 4  UnconditionedResponses 4  ConditionedResponses 4 AversiveConditioning 4 Generalization 4 Discrimination 4 HigherOrderConditioning 4 Extinction 4 SpontaneousRecovery 4 AvoidanceConditioning 4 Watson'sInvestigations 4 CounselingApplications 4 DisciplineApplicationsOperantConditioning 4 E.L.Thorndike'sLawofEffect 4 B.F.Skinner'sBehaviorism 4  HisPhilosophyversusHisPsychology 4  Reinforcement 4  Shaping 4  Chaining 4  DiscriminativeStimuli 4  SecondaryReinforcers 4  SchedulesofReinforcement 4   FixedRatio 4   VariableRatio 4   FixedInterval 4   VariableInterval 4  SuperstitiousBehavior 4  FiveContingencies 4  Punishment:ProandCon 4 LearnedHelplessness 4 OperantversusClassicalConditioningObservationalLearning(Modeling)SPOTLIGHTS  #@( CHAPTERSEVENMEMORY,COGNITION,ANDSELFESTEEMMemory 4 SensoryStorage 4 ShortTermMemory 4  TimeandNumberLimits 4  Chunking 4  Rehearsal 4   MassedTime 4   DistributedTime 4  Overlearning 4 LongTermMemory 4  VersusActiveMemory 4  Coding/Indexing 4  Associations 4  Forgetting 4   DuetoThreat 4   DuetoInterference 4  ChangeinMemoryCognition 4 DefiningCognition 4 Concepts 4  ClassicalTheory 4  ExemplarTheory/PrototypeTheory 4 ProblemSolvingandDecisionMaking 4 TheoriesofLanguageandThinking 4  Whorf'sTheory 4  Chomsky'sTheory 4  Piaget'sTheory 4  Vygotsky'sTheory 4  BehavioralTheory 4 LanguageandCommunication 4 SelfTalkandIrrationalSelfStatementsDevelopingHealthySelfEsteem 4 ParentalValueSystems 4  Materialism 4  Education 4  Athletics 4  Appearance 4 HealthySelfEsteem 4  TakingCareofGod'sTemple 4  SpiritualAspectsofSelfWorthSPOTLIGHTS  '(#- ,   ,CHAPTEREIGHTINTELLIGENCEWhatIsIntelligence? 4 SpeciesDifferences 4 HumanDifferences 4  Guilford'sView 4  Cattell'sView 4  RacialversusClassDifferencesTheoriesofIntelligence 4 Structuralism 4 InformationProcessingTheory 4 PsychometricsIntelligence 4 Inherited? 4  Goddard'sResearch 4  IdenticalTwinsStudies 4 Learned? 4  StabilityofIntelligence 4 UniquePsychologicalTesting 4 ReliabilityversusValidity 4 TheStanfordVBinetTest 4 TheWechslerTests 4 GroupTests 4 LimitationsofIQTestsMentalRetardation 4 Definition 4 Causes 4 Classifications 4  Mild 4  Moderate 4  Severe 4  Profound 4 Stigma 4 Placement̢GiftednessSPOTLIGHTS%  N& %-  !% -CHAPTERNINESOCIALPSYCHOLOGYAttitudes 4 CredibilityandIntention 4 OneSidedversusTwoSidedPresentations 4 CognitiveDissonance 4  Defined 4  Festinger'sResearch 4 SelfFulfillingProphecySocialInfluence 4 Conformity 4  Asch'sResearch 4  ThePutneys'Analysis 4 Groupthink 4  Defined 4  DiscouragingGroupthink 4 Inoculation 4  Defined 4  Batson'sResearch 4 OtherMethodsofInfluence 4  FearandThreat 4  Identification 4  Internalization 4 PowerandObedience 4  Milgram'sResearchRelationships 4 Altruism 4  DarleyandBatson'sResearch 4  FollowUpStudies 4 SocialLoafingSPOTLIGHTS&$   $&.    .CHAPTERTENCHILDDEVELOPMENTCharacteristicsofDevelopment 4 Orderly,Sequential,andUnique 4 MaturationalandLearnedTheoriesofChildDevelopment 4 Freud'sPsychosexualTheory 4  OralStage 4  AnalStage 4  PhallicStage 4  LatencyStage 4 Erikson'sSocialEmotionalTheory 4  TrustversusMistrust 4  AutonomyversusShame 4  InitiativeversusGuilt 4  IndustryversusInferiority 4 Piaget'sTheoryofCognitiveDevelopment 4  SensorimotorPeriod 4  PreoperationalThought 4  ConcreteOperations 4 Kohlberg'sStagesofMoralDevelopment 4  PremoralThinking 4  PunishmentOrientation 4  Reciprocity 4  GoodBoy,GoodGirlStage 4 Fowler'sStagesofFaith 4  PrimalFaith 4  IntuitiveProjectiveFaith 4  MythicLiteralFaithPatternsofChildDevelopment 4 PrenatalDevelopment 4 TheNewborn 4  BreastFeedingandMaternalReactions 4 Infancy 4  StimulationandExperience 4  MothersandMotherSubstitutes 4  DevelopmentalAdaptation 4 TheToddler 4  Discipline 4  Socialization 4 ThePreschooler 4  ThePreschoolerintheFamily 4  Television 4  Twins 4 ElementarySchoolYears 4 SexualDevelopment 4 SocialDevelopmentSPOTLIGHTS  *H&1 CHAPTERELEVENADOLESCENTANDADULTDEVELOPMENTAdolescentDevelopment 4 TheoriesofAdolescence 4  Piaget'sFormalOperations 4  Erikson'sIdentityStage 4  OtherTheoriesofAdolescence 4   Blos'Theory 4   Havighurst'sTheory 4   Selman'sTheory 4 CopingwiththeAdolescent 4  MaintainingCommunication 4  OvercomingDepression 4  PeerPressure 4  Sex 4  Dating 4  LateAdolescence 4  RunningAway 4  EncouragementforChristianParentsAdultDevelopment 4 EarlyAdulthood 4  Erikson'sIntimacyversusIsolation 4  Love,Marriage,andSex 4  RolesofHusbandandWife 4  TheChallengeofParenthood 4  Levinson'sStagesofAdulthood 4   TentativenessandMentoring 4   TheSecondLook 4  SettlingDownandtheSecondStructure 4  IndependenceandNeedforRespectMiddleAdulthood 4 Erikson'sGenerativityversusStagnation 4 IsThereaMidLifeCrisis?LaterAdulthood 4 Erikson'sEgoIntegrityversusDespairSPOTLIGHTS  !% CHAPTERTWELVEPERSONALITYDefinitionofPersonalityTheoriesofPersonality 4 TraitTheory 4  Sheldon'sBodyTypes 4  Allport'sandCattell'sTraitTheories 4  Kelly'sPersonalConstructTheory 4 Freud'sTheory 4 BehavioralTheory 4 HumanisticTheory(Rogers,Maslow)PersonalityTesting 4 ObjectiveTests 4  TheTaylorVJohnson 4  TheMMPI 4 ProjectiveTests 4  TheRorschachInkBlotTest 4  TheThematicApperceptionTest(TAT) 4 WhyArePersonalityTestsUsed? 4  MedicalModel 4  Screening 4  Research 4 TheValueofPersonalityTesting 4  Mischel'sObjections 4 ShouldPersonalityTestsBeUsed?DefenseMechanisms 4 CharacteristicsofDefenseMechanisms 4 Repression 4 Projection 4 Isolation 4 Intellectualization 4 Rationalization 4 ReactionFormation 4 Displacement 4 Identification 4 Regression 4 Fixation 4 Undoing 4 Compensation 4 Overcompensation 4 Sublimation 4 Substitution 4 Compartmentalization 4 Denial 4 AlternativestoDefenseMechanismsSPOTLIGHTS  (#. CHAPTERTHIRTEENTHEPSYCHOLOGYOFRELIGIONDefinitionofPsychologyofReligionFreud'sViewofReligion 4 InfantileRegressionandRepression 4 RitualversusCompulsion 4 WhyFreudWasSoHostiletoReligionJung'sArchetypes 4 TheGodArchetype̢Maslow'sPeakExperiences 4 CharacteristicsofPeakExperiences̢Allport'sTheoryofReligiousPrejudice 4 IntrinsicversusExtrinsicDifferencesWhyDoPeopleBecomeChristians? 4 PsychologyofReligionExplanations 4 TheologicalExplanations 4 CompatibilityoftheTwoExplanationsTheDevelopmentofReligiousConcepts 4 TheInfant'sConceptofGod 4 ThePreschooler'sConceptofGod 4 OlderChildren'sConceptofGodFacilitatingSpiritualGrowth 4 Infants 4 Toddlers 4 Preschoolers 4 ElementarySchoolYears 4 TheTeenAgeYearsSpiritualDevelopmentTheSpiritualBasisofEmotionalProblems 4 LackofIntimacywithGod 4 TheNeedtoDealwithaSpecificSin 4 DemonicInfluenceSPOTLIGHTS   X# CHAPTERFOURTEENABNORMALPSYCHOLOGYDefiningAbnormality 4 Dysfunction 4 Maladjustment 4 Disease 4 DangersofLabelsMentalHealth 4 Defined 4 CharacteristicsCausesofPsychologicalProblems 4 BiologicalCauses 4 EnvironmentalInfluences 4 PrecipitatingStressesPsychologicalDisorders 4 AnxietyDisorders 4  Phobias 4  OtherAnxietyDisorders 4 MoodDisorders 4  BipolarDisorder 4  MajorDepression 4  Cyclothymia 4  Dysthymia 4  WhyAreChristiansDepressed? 4 PsychoticDisorders 4  Schizophrenia 4  TheDelusionalDisorder 4 StressandAdjustmentDisorders 4 DissociativeDisorders 4 SomatoformDisorders 4 SubstanceAbuseDisorders 4 PersonalityDisorders 4  ThePassiveAggressivePersonality 4  TheObsessiveCompulsivePersonality 4  TheHistrionicPersonality 4  TheAntisocialPersonality 4  TheNarcissisticPersonality 4  OtherPersonalityDisorders 4 OtherAreasofAbnormality 4  SexualDisordersSPOTLIGHTS  $ ) CHAPTERFIFTEENPSYCHOTHERAPYANDPERSONALCOUNSELINGTherapistsandCounselors 4 Psychologists 4 Psychiatrists 4 MarriageandFamilyCounselors 4 SchoolPsychologists 4 PastoralCounselorsPsychiatricHospitalizationSecularCounseling 4 Psychoanalysis 4 TransactionalAnalysis(TA) 4 BehaviorModification 4 RationalEmotiveTherapy(RET) 4 HumanisticCounselingApproaches 4  ClientCenteredTherapy 4  GestaltTherapy 4 OtherMethodsofCounselingandTherapy 4  RealityTherapy 4  AdlerianPsychotherapy 4  Logotherapy 4  IntegrityTherapy 4 PhysicalInterventions 4  PsychoactiveDrugs 4  ShockTreatment 4  PsychosurgeryChristianCounseling 4 Listening 4 HelpingPeopleGainInsight 4  PastversusPresent 4  FeelingsversusBehavior 4  DirectiveversusNondirectiveTechniques 4  Balance 4 FormulatingaPlanofActionDoCounselingandTherapyWork?EclecticCounselingSPOTLIGHTS/  #@( /CHAPTERSIXTEENGROUPANDFAMILYCOUNSELINGGroupCounseling 4 WhyCommunicationIsDifficult 4 HowSmallGroupsFunction 4 AdvantagesofGroupTreatment 4 EffectiveGroupLeadership 4  TraditionalversusProcessLearning 4 StagesofGroupFunction 4  NegotiationofGoalsandValues 4  ConflictStage 4  ResolutionandGrowth 4  TerminationPhase 4 DynamicsofChangeinGroupsPremaritalCounseling 4 WhomShouldaChristianMarry? 4 SuggestionsforCounselorsMarriageandFamilyCounseling 4 TheFunctionsofaHealthyFamily 4 MaritalClassification 4 GoalsandRoles 4  GoalsofMarriageCounseling 4  RolesofMarriageCounselors 4 SpecialProblemsinMarriageCounseling 4 SuggestionsforMarriageCounselorsEthicsinCounselingandTherapySPOTLIGHTS+#N &:#++#N  %&!?#+